ThiongsVisiting a Roman mosaic restoration workshop
I long for a job with a desk and a salary and colleagues. Things I miss include book shops, newspapers, cows in fields, daffodils, and being able to vote. I fantasise about online supermarket shopping and staying firmly wrapped up all year around.
At other times (or even at the same time) I feel quite the opposite. I take delight in all manner of things here. My new friends, my new interests and walking the dog in the dawn light in the park. I love the flower soaked hillsides of spring, the fruit and vegetable street markets, unravelling the knotted frustrations of the language and of course sliding into the warm blue loveliness of the summer sea.
And when I think about mosaics I always skid to a halt in my fantasties about having a proper grown up kitchen and towel rails that dont look as if they were recycled from the Bold and Beautiful.
I simply cannot imagine making mosaics without being here and I can’t imagine myself without making mosaics. Where else would I have a marble supplier just down the road, stumble across Roman mosaics behind a half collapsed wall or get the chance to visit a Roman mosaic restoration workshop?
A chance meeting
The visit to the workshop stems from a chance meeting a year or so ago with an American archeologist, B. She has been working in Greece since the 1960s. As it happens, she also spends her Hogmanays a few miles away from our utterly unremarkable village in Perthshire, Scotland.
When my mother and cousin recently came to visit, I mentioned to B that we’d be coming over to Cornith. She very kindly offered to show us around the ancient sites. We met in Isthmia and had a tour around the museum. After that, we moved onto Kechries where the beach is littered with fragments of ancient pots before heading over to Corinth itself.
Now, as you might know, I visited Corinth not long ago and had a good long look at the mosaics in the small on-site museum.
During that visit I had noticed a tatty photograph of a mosaic tacked up outside what I thought was a shed so you can imagine my reaction when B mentioned that the shed was in fact a Roman mosaic restoration workshop and wondered whether I might like to see it. Like? No, I’d love to.
Behind the scenes
And there it was, the mosaic, cut into pieces and now only visible from the reverse side; some stacked in piles, others lying on the floor, one part on top of a high workbench and being chiselled at by a man in goggles.
The method, in case you dont know, of raising ancient mosaics is to decide how to segment the work into manageable and logical pieces which follow the flow of the tesserae and the design.
Then a layer or two of muslim is stuck on top of the mosaic with strong but water soluble glue before the restoration team cuts into the substrate underneath allowing it to be raised in chunks.
Our mosaic, measuring perhaps 4.5 metres by 3 metres and dating from the 3rd to 4th century AD, was apparently laid on a thin substrate of only three layers making the task of lifting it relatively easy.
Mosaic of Aphrodite and athlete
Discovered in the 1930s, it’s a mosaic of Aphrodite/Venus holding a shield sitting with her ankles coyly crossed next to a naked Corinthian athlete.
Framing the central motif are squares depicting birds and baskets of produce and then there is an outer layer of a simple diamond pattern intended, presumably, to be under loungers used by the Roman diners.
The restoration process
The Roman mosaic restoration work consists of painstakingly chipping away at the old substrate right down to the ‘naked’ tesserae. Then replacing stones that have been dislodged, damaged or lost. Finally, the team creates a new, smooth substrate into which the complete mosaic can then be reset. The work is monotonous, repetitive and grindingly slow. The Corinthian mosaic is not expected to be ready for display for at least a year.
There might be some of you who will find the photograph above entirely uninteresting but it was this, more than anything, that excited me about visiting the Roman mosaic restoration workshop.
Here you can see the deliberately uneven underside of the stones. You can see how each one are different heights and some have been chiseled by the Roman craftsmen into a wedge shape to ensure that they would stay firmly embedded into the soft mortar. The tesserae are also (although the photo sadly doesn’t show you) much thicker than I would have supposed – some are up to two centimetres thick.
Shaping each tessera
When I started making mosaics in Greece I was taught by specialists in the Byzantine style. They only worked in reverse. One of the things we were required to do was shape each and every one of the tesserae. Not only the side which would be seen but also the reverse side. Chipping the back of the tesserae to create a tooth like shape means that the mortar has plenty to grip onto. I was glad to see that the Romans were similarly fastidious.
After the excitement of visiting the workshop, B took my mother and cousin to see the museum and it’s mosaics. It was wonderful to learn that the mosaic was under what is now B’s garden. The garden not only produced stunning mosaics and also yielded the most amazing fruit for our lunch.
Living with revolting towel rails seems a small sacrifice to pay for a day like that. Thank YOU, B!